Although reconstructive problems are often the results of a congenital deformity, much more commonly they’re related to acquired conditions like trauma, acute or chronic medical conditions, tumors, and surgical treatments. no matter the cause, soft tissue or composite defect will need functional and aesthetically appropriate plastic surgery. To accomplish this goal, as a standard rule, a tissue defect is reconstructed with tissues of an identical texture/type, recruited locally, or from a different area of the body.

Reconstructive cosmetic surgery, performed in any part of the body, are often wiped out several alternative ways, counting on the character of the problem/condition causing the acquired deformity or wound. Thus, the treatment is individually tailored so it’ll imitate original tissues, as best as is feasible. For this purpose, treatment can range from simple dressing changes to local tissue rearrangements or flaps to skin grafts and microsurgical distant free tissue transfers. Although a number of these methods may have to be combined within the course of your treatment, for a far better understanding, here are a number of their common descriptions:

Dressings:

there is a good sort of dressings available. Their use is predicated on a variety of variables, patient and wound specifically. This might include 1-3 times per day applications of wet-dry sterile saline, ¼% ethanoic acid, ½% Dakin’s solution, or Bacitracin/Bactroban/Iodosorb gel or similar ointment. VAC (vacuum-assisted negative pressure dressing) is modified every three days.

Debridement:

Removal of infected or non-viable tissues to scale back the danger of infection and enable a correct wound base for healing or further reconstruction; often multiple debridements are needed, alongside antibiotic therapy.

Primary wound closure:

Immediate, primary wound closure (example: a clean laceration or wound following a skin lesion removal)

Delayed/secondary wound closure:

If initial wound conditions don’t permit immediate closure, then wound closure is completed on a later date (example: a wound that originally didn’t appear clean enough to be closed immediately is closed after a few days later)

Healing by secondary intention:

Wounds that aren’t closed, but are left to heal (granulate in) on their own (example: conditions where the situation of the wound, its size, or patient’s health status preclude direct wound closure or other reconstructions); healing of those wounds is facilitated by some sort of dressing changes.

Local tissue rearrangement:

Reconstruction by recruitment of local (adjacent) tissues, enabling wound closure (examples: various rotational or advancement local flaps like z-plasty, rhomboid, bilobed, or V-Y tissue rearrangements)

Skin grafts:

Split-thickness skin grafts transfer a fraction of the dermis from the donor site to the wound, leaving enough skin behind that the donor site will heal on its own, via dressing changes. Full-thickness donor sites require primary closure since no skin is left behind. Skin discoloration, pain, or scar can follow skin grafting.

Local flaps:

Local tissues (fasciocutaneous, muscle, or composite) used for larger wounds requiring coverage of important (vital) exposed structures; used for more complex wounds

Free flaps:

Distant tissues (fasciocutaneous, muscle, or composite) are used for larger wounds requiring coverage of important (vital) exposed structures when no adequate local tissues are available for reconstruction. Free tissue transfer is employed for the coverage of complex wounds. Free tissue transfer requires microsurgical techniques.

Microsurgical technique:

The most complex reconstructions are through with the utilization of microsurgical instruments and techniques, ensuring precise and safe surgery.